Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110006

SCHEME/SYLLABUS : MCA(SE)
(Fourth Semester)

Code No: IT 702
Paper : Computer Networks

Uses of Computer Networks, Network Architecture, Reference Model (ISO-OSI, TCP/IP-Overview, IP Address Classes, Subneting), Domain Name Registration & Registrars

The Physical Layer: Theoretical basis for data communication, transmission media-Magnetic Media, Twisted Pair, Baseband Coaxial Cable, Broadband Coaxial Cable, Fibre Cable, Structured Cabling, Cable Mounting, Cable Testing, Wireless transmission, the telephone system, narrowband ISDN, broadband ISDN and ATM.

The Data Link Layer: Data link layer design issues, error detection and correction, data link protocols, sliding window protocols, Examples of Data Link Protocols.

The Medium Access Sublayer: The channel allocation problem, multiple access protocols, IEEE standard 802 for LANS and MANS, high-speed LANs, satellite networks, Network devices-repeaters, hubs, switches and bridges.

The Network Layer: Network layer design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control algorithm, internetworking, the network layer in the internet, the network layer in ATM networks.

Text:

    1. Tananbaum A.S., “Computer Networks”, 3rd Ed, PHI, 1999.

Reference:

    1. Black U., “Computer Networks-Protocols, Standards and Interfaces”, PHI, 1996.
    2. Stallings W., “Computer Communication Networks”, PHI.
    3. Laura Chappell (ed), “Introduction to Cisco Router Configuration”, Techmedia, 1999.
    4. Michael A. Miller, “Data & Network Communication”, Vikas Publication
    5. William A. Shay, “Understanding Data Communication & Networks”, Vikas Publication

Code No: IT 704
Paper : Operating Systems

Overview:
Importance of Operating Systems; Basic Concepts and Terminology; An Operating System Resource Manager: Memory Management Functions, Processor Management Functions, Device Management Functions, and Information Management Functions;.

Memory Management:
Single Contiguous Allocation: H/W Support, S/W Support, Advantages, Disadvantages ; Introduction to Multiprogramming : Concept of Multiprogramming , Measure of System I/O Wait Percentage, Relevance of Multiprogramming to Memory Management ; Partitioned Allocation, Relocatable Partitioned Memory Management, Paged Memory Management, Demand-Paged Memory Management, Segmented Memory Management, Segmented and Demand –Paged Memory Management, Other Memory Management Schemes (Swapping, Overlays);

Processor Management:
State Model : Job Scheduler, Process Scheduling , Job and Process Synchronization, Structure of Processor Management ; Job Scheduling : Functions, Policies, Job Scheduling in Nonmultiprogrammed Environment, Job Scheduling in Nonmultiprogrammed environment, Job Scheduling in multiprogrammed environment ; Process Scheduling, Multiprocessor Systems : Separate Systems, Coordinated Job Scheduling, Master/Slave Scheduling, Homogeneous Processor scheduling ; Process Synchronization : Race Condition, Synchronization Mechanism, Deadly Embrace, Synchronization Performance Considerations;

Device Management:
Techniques for Device Management : Dedicated Devices, Shared Devices, Virtual Devices ; Device Characteristics- Hardware Considerations : Input or Output Devices, Storage Devices; Channels and Control Units : Independent Device Operation, Buffering, Multiple Paths, Block Multiplexing ; Device Allocation Considerations; Virtual Devices;

Information Management: Introduction; A Simple File System; General Model of a File System; Symbolic File System; Basic File System, Access Control Verification; Logical File System; Physical File System; Case study on DOS, Windows 98, Windows NT & Linux.

Text:

    1. Madnick E., Donovan J., “Operating Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill.
    2. Silbershatz and Galvin, “ Operating System Concepts”, Addison Wesley.

Reference:

    1. Tannenbaum, “Operating systems”, PHI.4. Peterson, “Operating System”.

Code No: IT 706
Paper: Object Oriented Software Engineering

Introduction to Software Engineering: Software Engineering Development, Software Engineering Development, Software Life Cycle Models, Standards for developing life cycle models.

Object Methodology & Requirement Elicitation: Introduction to Object Oriented Methodology, Overview of Requirements Elicitation, Requirements Model-Action & Use cases, Requirements Elicitation Activities, Managing Requirements Elicitation

Architecture: Model Architecture, Requirements Model, Analysis Model, Design Model, Implementation Model, Test Model

Modeling with UML: Basic Building Blocks of UML, A Conceptual Model of UML, Basic Structural Modeling, UML Diagrams

System Analysis: Analysis Model, Dynamic Modelling & Testing

System Design: Design concepts & activities, Design models, Block design, Testing

Testing Object Oriented Systems: Introduction, Testing Activities & Techniques, The Testing Process, Managing Testing

Case Studies

Text Books:

    1. Stephen R. Scach, “Classical & Object Oriented Software Engineering with UML and Java”, McGraw Hill, 1999.

Code No: IT 708
Paper : Java Programming

Introduction to Java: Importance and features of java, keywords, constants, variables and data types, Operators and expressions, Decision making, branching and looping: if..else, switch, ?: operator, while, do, for statements, labeled loops, jump statements : break, continue, return.

Introducing classes, objects and methods: defining a class, adding variables and methods, creating objects, constructors, class inheritance.

Arrays and strings: creating an array, one and two dimensional arrays, string array and methods, String and StringBuffer classes, Wrapper classes.

Inheritance: Basics types, using super, Multilevel hierarchy abstract and final classes, Object class, Packages and interfaces, Access protection, Extending Interfaces, packages.

Exception Handling: Fundamentals exception types, uncaught exceptions, throw, throw, final, built in exception, creating your own exceptions.

Multithreaded Programming: Fundamentals, Java thread model: priorities, synchronization, messaging, thread class, Runnable interface, interthread Communication, suspending, resuming and stopping threads.

Input/Output: Basics, Streams, Byte and Character stream, predefined streams, Reading and writing from console and files. Using Standard Java Packages (lang, util, io, net).

Networking: Basics, networking classes and interfaces, using java.net package, doing TCP/IP and Datagram Programming.

Event Handling: Different mechanism, the Delegation Event Model, Event Classes, Event Listener Interfaces, Adapter and Inner Classes, Working with windows, graphics and text, using AWT controls, Layout managers and menus, handling Image, animation, sound and video, Java Applet.

Text:

    1. Java-2 The complete Reference by Patrick Naughton and Herbertz Schildt, TMH.

Reference:

    1. “Programming with java”, by E Balaguruswamy.
    2. “Computing Concepts with Java 2 Essentials”, by Horstmann, John Wiley.
    3. “Programming.Java”, Decker & Hirshfield, Vikas Publication
    4. “HTML 4 unleashed”, by Rick Dranell, second edition, Techmedia publication.
    5. “Dynamic web publishing unleashed” by Shelley Powers, second edition, Techmedia.

Code No: IT 710
Paper : Fuzzy Sets & Logic

Classical and Fuzzy Sets: Overview of Classical Sets, Membership Function, a-cuts, Properties of a-cuts, Decomposition Theorems, Extension Principle.

Operations on Fuzzy Sets: Compliment, Intersections, Unions, Combinations of Operations, Aggregation Operations.

Fuzzy Arithmetic: Fuzzy Numbers, Linguistic Variables, Arithmetic Operations on intervals & Numbers, Lattice of Fuzzy Numbers, Fuzzy Equations.

Fuzzy Relations: Crisp & Fuzzy Relations, Projections & Cylindric Extensions, Binary Fuzzy Relations, Binary Relations on single set, Equivalence, Compatibility & Ordering Relations, Morphisms, Fuzzy Relation Equations.

Possibility Theory: Fuzzy Measures, Evidence & Possibility Theory, Possibility versus Probability Theory.

Fuzzy Logic: Classical Logic, Multivalued Logics, Fuzzy Propositions, Fuzzy Qualifiers, Linguistic Hedges.

Unertainty based Information: Information & Uncertainity, Nonspecificity of Fuzzy & Crisp sets, Fuzziness of Fuzzy Sets.

Applications of Fuzzy Logic:

Text / References :

    1. G.J.Klir & T.A. Folyger,“Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty & Information”, PHI, 1988.
    2. G.J.Klir & B.Yuan, “Fuzzy sets & Fuzzy logic,” PHI, 1995.

Code No: IT 712
Paper : Artificial Intelligence

Scope of AI
Games, theorem proving, natural language processing, vision and speech processing, robotics, expert systems, AI techniques- search knowledge, abstraction.

Problem solving
State space search; Production systems, search space control: depth-first, breadth-first search, heuristic search - Hill climbing, best-first search, branch and bound. Problem Reduction, Constraint Satisfaction End, Means-End Analysis

Knowledge Representation
Predicate Logic: Unification, modus pones, resolution, dependency directed backtracking.Rule based Systems : Forward reasoning: conflict resolution, backward reasoning: use of no backtrack.

Structured Knowledge Representation: Semantic Nets: slots, exceptions and default frames, conceptual dependency, scripts.

Handling uncertainty
Non-Monotonic Reasoning, Probablistic reasoning, use of certainty factors, fuzzy logic.

Learning
Concept of learning, learning automation, genetic algorithm, learning by inductions, neural nets.

Expert Systems
 Need and justification for expert systems, knowledge acquisition, Case studies: MYCIN, RI.

Text:

    1. E. Rich and K. Knight, “Artificial intelligence”, TMH, 2nd ed., 1992.
    2. N.J. Nilsson, “Principles of AI”, Narosa Publ. House, 1990.

Reference:

    1. D.W. Patterson, “Introduction to AI and Expert Systems”, PHI, 1992.
    2. Peter Jackson, “Introduction to Expert Systems”, AWP, M.A., 1992.
    3. R.J. Schalkoff, “Artificial Intelligence - an Engineering Approach”, McGraw Hill Int Ed., Singapore, 1992.
    4. M. Sasikumar, S. Ramani, “Rule Based Expert Systems”, Narosa Publishing House, 1994.

Code No: IT 714
Paper : Digital Signal Processing

Discrete time signals and systems, Z-transforms, structures for digital filters, design procedures for FIR and IIR filters. Frequency transformations: linear phase design; DFT. Methods for computing FFT. Noise analysis of digital filters, power spectrum estimation.

Signals and signal Processing: characterization & classification of signals, typical Signal Processing operations, example of typical Signals, typical Signals Processing applications.

Time Domain Representation of Signals & Systems: Discrete Time Signals, Operations on Sequences, the sampling process, Discrete-Time systems, Time-Domain characterization of LTI Discrete-Time systems, state-space representation of LTI Discrete-Time systems, random signals.

Transform-Domain Representation of Signals: the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT properties, computation of the DFT of real sequences, Linear Convolution using the DFT. Z-transforms, Inverse z-transform, properties of z-transform, transform domain representations of random signals.

Transform-Domain Representation of LTI Systems: the frequency response, the transfer function, types of transfer function, minimum-phase and maximum-Phase transfer functions, complementary transfer functions, Discrete-Time processing of random signals.

Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals : sampling of Continuous Signals, Analog Filter Design, Anti-aliasing Filter Design, Sample-and-hold circuits, A/D & D/A converter, Reconstruction Filter Design.

Digital Filter Structure: Block Diagram representation, Signal Flow Graph Representation, Equivalent Structures, bone FIR Digital Filter Structures, IIR Filter Structures, State-space structure, all pass filters, tunable IIR Digital filters. cascaded Lattice realization of IIR and FIR filters, Parallel all pass realization of IIR transfer function, Digital Sine-Cosine generator.

Digital Filter Design: Impulse invariance method of IIR filter design, Bilinear Transform method of IIR Filter Design, Design of Digital IIR notch filters, FIR filter Design based on truncated fonner sens, FIR filter design based on Frequency Sampling approach.

Applications of DSP.

Text / Reference:

    1. Sanjit K. Mitra, “Applications DSP a Computer based approach” , TMH.
    2. Allan Y. Oppenhein & Ronald W. Schater , "Applications DSP”.

Code No: IT 716
Paper : Functional and Logic Programming

Introduction to symbolic processing. Common LISP, LISP paradigms for knowledge representation. Other functional programming paradigms.

Logic programming fundamentals, First-order logic: Completeness, compactness and undecidability, Herband universe, skolemization, natural detection systems, resolution,unification algorithms, Logic programming languages : their declarative and procedural semantics, Verification issues. Prolog, programming for AI using LISP and prolog.

Text / References :

    1. Elaine Rich, “Artificial Intelligence”.
    2. Walker, McCord et.al., “Knowledge Systems and Prolog “,Addison Wesley.
    3. Carl Townsend, “Introduction to Turbo Prolog”, BPB.
    4. Clocksin and Mellish, “Programming in Prolog”, Narosa Publishing.

Code No: IT 718
Paper : Data Warehousing and Data Mining

Data Warehousing: Definition, Scope, Practical Implications, Structures and functions.

Data Mining: Process, Technologies & Rules, platform tools & tool characteristics, operational vs. information systems.

Types of Data Warehouses: Host based, single stage, LAN based, Multistage, stationary distributed & virtual data-warehouses.

Data warehouses architecture: Metadata, operational data & operational data bases. Data warehouse architecture model, 2-tier, 3-tier & 4-tier data warehouses.

OLAP & DSS support in data warehouses.

Data Mining: Knowledge discovery through statistical techniques, Knowledge discovery through neural networks, Fuzzy tech. & genetic algorithms.

Text:

    1. “Building the Data Warehouse”, W.H.Inmon, John Wiley & Sons.
    2. “Developing the Data Warehouse”, W.H.Inmon, C.Kelly, John Wiley & Sons.

Reference:

    1. 1. “Managing the Data Warehouse”, W.H.Inmon, C.L.Gassey, John Wiley & Sons.
    2. 2. “Advances in knowledge discovery & Data Mining”, Fayyad, Usama M. et. al.,MIT Press.

Code No: IT 720
Paper : Microprocessors

Architecture of 8086, instruction set, assembly language programming, assembler directives, procedures and macros.

8086 minimum mode, system timing diagram, addressing memory and ports in microprocessors based systems, interrupts and interrupt service procedures, interfacing 8086 with 8251, 8254, 8255, 8259, 8279, A/D and D/A converters.

8086 maximum mode, DMA transfer, interfacing and refreshing dynamic RAM, 8087, overview of architecture of 80386, 486 and pentium processors and power PC.

Text:

    1. D.V. Hall, “Microprocessors and Interfacing”, TMH, 2nd edition.

Reference:

    1. Peter Able, “IBM PC assembly language programming.”, PHI
    2. James L. Antonakes, “An Introduction to the Intel Family of Microprocessors”, Published by Addison Wesley.
    3. Liu Gibson, “Microprocessor Systems: The 8086/8088 family Architecture, Programming & Design”, Published by PHI.

Code No: IT 722
Paper : Computer Graphics

Basic raster graphics algorithms for drawing 2 D Primitives liner, circles, ellipses, arcs, clipping, clipping circles, ellipses & polygon.

Polygon Meshes in 3D, curves, cubic & surfaces, Solid modeling.

Geometric Transformation: 2D, 3D transformations, window to viewport transformations, acromatic and color models.

Graphics Hardware: Hardcopy & display techniques, Input devices, image scanners.

Shading Tech: Transparency, Shadows, Object reflection, Gouraud & Phong shading techniques. Visible surface determination techniques for visible line determination, Z-buffer algorithm, scanline algorithm, algorithm for oct-tres, algorithm for curve surfaces, visible surfaces ray-tracing , recursive ray tracing, radiosity methods.

Elementary filtering tech, elementary Image Processing techniques, Geometric & multi-pass transformation mechanisms for image storage & retrieval.

Procedural models, fractals, grammar-based models, multi-particle system, volume rendering.

Text:

    1. “Computer Graphics Principles & practice “, Foley et. al. , AWL.

Reference:

    1. “Procedural elements of Computer Graphics”, Rogers, Mc-Graw Hill.
    2. “Mathematical elements of Computer Graphics”, Rogers, Mc-Graw Hill.

Code No: IT 752
Lab: Computer Lab VII

The Experiments will be based on the following papers:

    1. Java Programming
    2. Elective-I*

Code No: IT 754
Lab: Computer Lab VIII

The Experiments will be based on the following papers:

    1. Computer Networks (IT-702)
    2. Object Oriented Software Engineering (IT-706)
    3. Elective-II*

*If the students takes a elective in which there are no practical offered then that students will have to do more numbers of Experiments in the part-A.

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